With the rapid iteration and popularity of electronic products, discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuits (ICs) have become one of the fastest-growing solid waste types globally. These seemingly insignificant electronic components not only contain precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper, but also harbor harmful substances like lead, mercury, and brominated flame retardants. If discarded indiscriminately, they not only waste resources but also pose long-term harm to soil, water, and human health. How to scientifically recycle and process PCBs and ICs has become an important issue in circular economy and sustainable development. I. Recycling Value: Discarded PCBs and ICs Are "Urban Mines" Each ton of discarded PCB boards can extract about 200-500 grams of gold, 100-300 grams of silver, and approximately 30% of copper, with metal grades far exceeding those of natural ores. Silicon and rare earth elements in integrated circuits are even key raw materials for high-tech industries. Through professional recycling, not only can the pressure on mineral resources be alleviated, but also energy consumption and environmental pollution during mining can be reduced. II. Processing Flow: Technological Upgrades Drive Green Circulation 1. Disassembly and Classification: Combining manual and automated methods to separate reusable components (such as capacitors and chips), components containing precious metals, and substrate materials; 2. Physical Crushing: Adopting technologies such as low-temperature crushing and high-pressure electrostatic sorting to achieve efficient separation of metals and non-metals; 3. Metallurgical Extraction: Recovering precious metals like gold, silver, and palladium through hydrometallurgy (acid leaching and electrolysis) or pyrometallurgy (high temperature smelting); 4. Harmless Treatment: Chemically degrading or safely burying residual brominated flame retardants and other harmful substances to prevent secondary pollution. III. Challenges and Future: Coexistence of Standardization and Innovation At present, PCB recycling still faces challenges such as high technical costs and insufficient processing capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen policy guidance, promote the implementation of the "Extended Producer Responsibility System", and develop green technologies such as biometallurgy and ionic liquid extraction to achieve closed-loop management from "discarded" to "recycled". The recycling of electronic waste is not only an environmental protection issue, but also an inevitable path for resource strategy. Let every discarded PCB and IC gain a new life through technological empowerment, so as to reduce the burden on the earth and accumulate energy for the future.