The first step in battery recycling is to break down the battery into smaller components, a process that typically involves crushing and shredding technologies. These technologies enable the separation of the battery casing from the internal components, laying the groundwork for subsequent metal extraction and hazardous material treatment. 
1. **Mechanical crushing**: This is a physical method in which the battery is broken into smaller pieces by mechanical force. This method is simple and inexpensive, but may not completely separate the various components of the battery and may release hazardous substances during processing. 
2. **Cryogenic crushing**: Crushing at low temperatures reduces the release of hazardous substances and improves metal recovery. This method is suitable for those battery types that are environmentally sensitive. 
3. **Wet crushing**: This method involves the use of a liquid medium (e.g., water or organic solvent) to aid in the crushing process. Wet shredding can separate the components of a battery more efficiently, but is more expensive to process and requires additional steps to dispose of the liquid waste.

 **Technological Innovations and Challenges** As technology advances, so do crushing and shredding techniques. For example, new types of shredders allow for more precise control of crushing force and speed, thereby reducing the release of hazardous substances. Meanwhile, the application of automation and intelligent technologies, such as robots and sensors, can improve the efficiency and safety of the crushing process. However, these technologies still face challenges, including how to reduce costs, increase recycling rates, and dispose of the waste generated during the process. In addition, different types and models of batteries require different treatment methods, which adds to the complexity of the recycling process.